Biology of Aging and Neurogenesis

Biology of Aging
Aging is defined as the time-related decline in physiological functions necessary for survival and reproduction. It is characterized by changes that affect all individuals within a species, distinct from aging-related diseases such as cancer and heart disease. Biological aging can be measured by the increased mortality rate as organisms progress through their life cycle and age chronologically.

Key Theories of Aging

  • The Neuroendocrine Theory
  • The Free Radical Theory
  • The Membrane Theory of Aging
  • The Decline Theory
  • The Cross-Linking Theory

Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis is the process through which neurons are generated from neural stem cells (NSCs). This process occurs in all animal species except porifera (sponges) and placozoans. Various types of NSCs include neuroepithelial cells (NECs), radial glial cells (RGCs), basal progenitors (BPs), intermediate neuronal precursors (INPs), subventricular zone astrocytes, and subgranular zone radial astrocytes.

Types of Neurogenesis

  • Developmental Neurogenesis
  • Adult Neurogenesis

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