Neurology

Psychology, Cell & Molecular Biology

Psychology

Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior, encompassing biological influences, social pressures, and environmental factors that shape how individuals think, act, and feel. It is a multifaceted discipline that includes various subfields such as human development, sports, health, clinical, social behavior, and cognitive processes. Psychology explores both conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as emotions and thoughts.

Major Branches of Psychology:

• Abnormal Psychology: Focuses on abnormal behavior and mental disorders.
• Behavioral Psychology: Examines the relationship between behavior and environmental factors.
• Biopsychology: Studies the biological underpinnings of behavior.
• Clinical Psychology: Involves diagnosing and treating mental health disorders.
• Cognitive Psychology: Explores mental processes like perception, memory, and reasoning.
• Comparative Psychology: Studies the behavior of different species to understand human behavior.
• Counseling Psychology: Focuses on providing therapeutic interventions and support for individuals facing life challenges.

Cell Biology

Cell biology is the study of cell structure and function, revolving around the concept that the cell is the fundamental unit of life. This field provides an in-depth understanding of the tissues and organisms formed by cells. It encompasses both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and includes various subtopics such as cell metabolism, cell communication, the cell cycle, biochemistry, and cell composition. Techniques used in cell biology research include cell culture, microscopy, and cell fractionation.

Branches of Cell Biology:

• Cytotaxonomy: The study of cell types in relation to taxonomy.
• Cytogenetics: Focuses on the genetics of cells, especially chromosomes.
• Cell Physiology: Studies the functions and processes of cells.
• Cytochemistry: Examines the chemical processes within cells.
• Cytopathology: Investigates diseases at the cellular level.

Molecular Biology

Molecular biology is a branch of biology that explores the molecular basis of biological behavior within and between cells, including processes like replication, modification, and interactions. The fundamental dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Subdisciplines of Molecular Biology:

1. Comparative Genomics: Studies the genomic features across different species.
2. DNA Forensics: Involves the analysis of DNA for legal purposes.
3. Functional Genomics: Investigates the function of genes and their interactions.
4. Gene Therapy: Focuses on treating diseases by modifying genes.
5. Genomics: The study of genomes, including their structure and function.
6. Molecular Genetics: Examines the structure and function of genes at a molecular level.
7. Pharmacogenomics: Studies how genes affect a person's response to drugs.
8. Proteomics: Analyzes the structure and function of proteins in the cell.